کودکان و نوجوانان ترجیحاً از مصرف نوشیدنی های ورزشی اجتناب کنند.
در بسیاری از تبلیغات ادعا می شود نوشیدنی های ورزشی و انرژی زا باعث بهبود کارایی و افزایش تمرکز می شوند. همچنین باعث افزایش انرژی، کاهش وزن، افزایش تحمل ورزشی نیز می شوند. ماده اصلی این نوشیدنی ها، کافئین است. به علاوه ممکن است اسیدهای آمینه ای مانند تورین و کربوهیدرات هایی مانند شکر و نیز ویتامین ها باشند. نوشیدنی های ورزشی برای جبران مایعات و الکترولیت هایی که از راه تعریق از بدن دفع شده، استفاده می شوند. الکترولیت ها شا مل پتاسیم، منیزیم، کلسیم و سدیم هستند. الکترولیت ها باعث حفظ تعادل مایعات بدن می شوند. این نوشیدنی ها ممکن است حاوی کربوهیدرات، پروتئین، ویتامین ها و کافئین هم باشند.
آکادمی پزشکان اطفال آمریکا، توصیه کرده کودکان و نوجوانان از نوشیدنی های انرژی زا استفاده نکنند. بهترین راه برای دریافت انرژی در کودکان و نوجوانان، استفاده از رژیم غذایی متعادل می باشد. خوابیدن کافی هم به بهبود انرژی کمک می کند. کودکان و نوجوانان در صورت مصرف نوشیدنی های انرژی زا ممکن است باعث دچار فشار خون بالا و مشکلات خواب شوند. نوشیدنی های انرژی زا مشکلات بیشتری ایجاد می کنند از جمله ضربان قلب بالا و دیابت.
مهمترین مسئله ای که در مصرف نوشیدنی های انرژی زا مهم است مقدار کافئین آن هاست. ۵۰۰ میلی گرم کافئین در یک نوشیدنی انرژی زا معادل ۱۴ لیوان نوشابه کولا می باشد. کافئین زیاد باعث محرومیت از خواب می شود. بعضی از افزودنی های نوشیدنی های انرژی زا، عوارض جانبی در بدن ایجاد می کنند. شکر موجود در این نوشیدنی ها باعث افزایش وزن می شود. مقدار ایمن مصرف کافئین در بزرگسالان، ۱۰۰ تا ۲۰۰ میلی گرم است که با یک فنجان قهوه دم کشیده تامین می شود. کافئین زیاد باعث عصبی شدن، ناراحتی معده، اسهال و سردرد می شود. از طرفی کافئین در ورزش با شدت بالا، باعث بهبود کارایی و عملکرد می شود، اما این اثر در ورزشکاران حرفه ای و افرادی که به طور مرتب ورزش می کنند، دیده نمی شود.
مصرف نوشیدنی های ورزشی در کودکان و نوجوانان مجاز نمی باشد. در دوندگان مسافت و طولانی مدت مصرف نوشیدنی های ورزشی ممکن است مفید باشد. به طور کلی آب، بهترین انتخاب، قبل، حین و بعد از ورزش می باشد.
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